Planning a Glass Heater Project From Requirements to Final Testing

https://heater-technology-guide.valiantfield.com/posts/how-an-ito-glass-heater-combines-transparency-with-surface-heating

In camera windows, a glass heater must deliver heat in a controlled way. It uses a glass panel combined with a conductive heating layer or heater element. One useful trait is anti-fog capability. Still, thermal stress can change the result